TOPIC: CROP PLANT FORMS

CONTENT

• Flowering plant
• Parts of flowering plant
• The root system
• The shoot system.
• Functions of parts.
  FLOWERING PLANT
  Flowering plants or angiosperms are plants that produce flowers which have ovaries. Each ovary
  encloses young seeds called ovules. It is the ovary which later develops into a fruit while the ovules
  become mature seeds.Most of the plants we grow in our gardens or farms are called flowering
  plants.There are two divisions of flowering plants namely: monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous. The
  name cotyledon refers to the natural leaf borne by the seed of a plant.Cotyledon is otherwise known as
  seed leaf.
  EVALUATION

1. What are flowering plants?
2. Give five examples of flowering plants.
   PARTS OF FLOWERING PLANTS
   A flowering plant whether monocot or dicot is made up of two major parties namely the root system
   and the shoot systems.
   THE ROOT SYSTEM: The root system refers to the lower portion of the flowering plant which contains
   neither leaves nor reproductive organs. It develops underground and holds the whole plant firmly in
   the soil. The root system has many root hairs through which water, mineral salts and other nutrients
   enter the plant. In some crops, roots also store food. The root has at the apex a protective cap of
   tissue called the root cap. The root system contains one main or tap root side or lateral and root hairs.
   This type of root system is called a tap root system. For example in cowpea, pepper, orange, mango
   and guava. In other plants, all the roots are of almost the same length and thickness. These is no main
   root this is called fibrous root system example include maize, rice, guinea corn and palm oil.
   EVALUATION
3. List the parts that form the shoot system of a flowering plant.
4. Where is the root system found?
   SHOOT SYSTEM
   The shoot system of a flowering plant is differentiated into the stem, bud leaf, fruits, flower or
   inflorescence when the flower is fertilized, it develops into a fruit which contains the seed.
   (i) STEM: It is the entire stand that carries the plant in place and it originates from that part of the
   embryo with the seed known as epicotyl.
   (ii) THE BUD: This is an embryonic on young shoot that has the capacity to produce leaves and
   branches. If a bud develops into branch bearing foliage leaves, it is called a leaf bud.
   A flower bud is one which produces flower. A bud at the end of the shoot is called a terminal bud or
   apical bud. If in the axial of leaf, it is called axillary bud and from any other part of the shoot is
   adventitious bud.
   (iii) THE LEAF: the leaf arises as an exogenous outgrowth of the stem apex. It is from the side of
   the apex of a stem. As it progresses in its development, it grows outward from the leaf base,
   revealing the final shape and form characteristics of the species.
   (iv) THE FLOWER:The flower is a modified plant part specialized for reproduction and is
   responsible either directly or indirectly for bringing into existence new plants in order to
   perpetuate species.
   THE SEED: a seed is a ripened ovule; it is the result of the changes which takes place in the ovule after
   fertilization.
   (v) THE FRUIT: A fruit is a fully developed and ripened ovary or the result of the changes which go
   on in a flower due to fertilization.
   EVALUATION
5. What is a flowering plant?
6. Give three examples of flowering plant.
   FUNCTIONS OF PARTS OF FLOWERING PLANTS
   FUNCTIONS OF THE ROOT
7. The root fixes the plant in the soil.
8. The root absorbs water and mineral salts from the soil for the use of the plant.
9. Sometimes, roots also function as storage organs as in the case of the cassava.
10. In an uncultivated land, the root system enriches the surface layer of the soil with the nutrients
    necessary for the plant growth.
11. The roots of some plants are used in preparation of drugs.
12. The roots of some plants such as carrot are used as food.
13. Roots also prevent soil erosion.
14. Roots are used in vegetative propagation, for example in sweet potato.
    EVALUATION
15. Outline five functions of root.
16. State two types of roots
    FUNCTIONS OF STEM
17. The stem conducts material to and from the leaves.
18. Itsupports the leaves and distribute them in space so that they receive adequate light.
19. The stem also stores food as in the case of sugar cane.
20. It is used as cutting for propagation as in cassava, bitter leaf etc.
21. Woody stem supplies timber, for building etc.
22. Some stems, such as bamboo stem and the thick are used as poles.
23. The barks of some stem are used for medicinal purposes.
24. It supports the flowers. It exposes them for pollination.
    EVALUATION
25. Mention three functions of the stem.
26. State two economic importance of stem
    FUNCTIONS OF LEAF
27. The leaf is the main seat of photosynthesis.
28. The leaf carries out transpiration an activity which ensures absorption from the soil and this
    helps to control transportation in plants.
29. It serves as food in form of vegetables which can give vitamins and mineral to the body.
30. Dead leaves serves as manure to the soil.
31. Leaves are also used as drug.
    EVALUATION
32. State the functions of leaves.
33. State the functions of stems.
    FUNCTIONS OF FLOWER
34. It produces of seeds for the perpetuation of the species.
35. It is used for decorative purposes.
36. It is also used for natural dyestuffs.
    FUNCTION OF BUD
    It produces the leaves, branches and flowers.
    FUNCTIONS OF SEED
37. The seed serves for reproduction.
38. The seed serves for food.
    FUNCTIONS OF FRUIT
39. It is an agent for seed disposal and survival.
40. It serves as food to man.
    GENERAL EVALUATION AND REVISION QUESTIONS
41. State the functions of flowers.
42. State the functions of seed.
43. List three parts of flowering plants.
44. List three parts of a leaf.
45. What is Horticulture?
    READING ASSIGNMENT
    Junior Secondary Agriculture for Nigerian Schools by A. Yondeowei Bk. 1. Chapter 3, pages 20-25.
    WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT
46. The distance between two nodes on a plant is called____________ A. bud B. internodes C.
    radicle D. apex.
47. The shoot system in a plant consists of the following except A. stem B. leaf C. root
    D. flower
48. The other name for a “main root” is____ A. tap root B. lateral C. adventitious D. fibrous.
49. A fully developed and ripened ovary is called ____A. fruit B. seed C. flower D. bud.
50. A ripened ovule is otherwise known as ____A. seed. B. fruit C. flower D. bud.
    THEORY
51. Name the parts that form the root system of a named plant.
52. Name the part that forms the shoot system of a named plant